In 1963, the first implantation of an intrathoracic left artificial ventricle in a human being was made by Dr. E. Stanley Crawford, at the Baylor University College of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston Tx. USA. The original prototype is kept and exhibited at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Within a few years, on 4 Apr 1969, the first total artificial heart was implanted, used as a bridge to heart transplantation by Dr. Denton A. Cooley, at the Texas Heart Institute, Houston Tx. USA.